Accents in the plural of nouns. Declension by cases of the word stress in the singular and plural. Information to help you prepare for the exam

On this page, you can view the declension of the word "stress" by cases both in the singular and in plural. Stress word, consisting of 8 letters. Word declension table "emphasis" by cases is given below. Through the search, you can find other words you need.

Plural

Singular

It is important to know about the declension of words

Difficulties in the formation of numeral forms and their use in speech are mainly associated with their change in cases and combination with nouns.

The main part of the numerals is declined according to the third declension.

The numeral thousand changes like a noun of the first declension.

The numerals forty and one hundred have only one form in indirect cases - forty, one hundred ..

When declining compound ordinal numbers, only their last part changes Collective numbers (two, three, etc.) can only be used with masculine nouns, nouns denoting baby animals, or nouns that have only the plural form.

Combinations of compound numbers ending in two, three, four with nouns that do not have a form singular, are invalid. Only combinations like twenty-one days, twenty-five days are possible.

The pronoun-numeral both has two generic forms: Both are masculine and neuter, both are feminine. The same applies to the numeral one and a half.

Adjectives are a part of speech that denotes a sign of an object and answers the questions what ?, what ?, what ?, what? The adjective is in the same case form, number and gender as the noun it depends on.

In the singular, adjectives change by gender and case. The gender of plural adjectives is not determined.

Plural adjectives cannot be gendered.

The change of nouns in cases is characterized by a change in their endings, which are called case forms. In total, there are six cases in Russian, each of which has its own auxiliary question.

Form nominative case called straight (or initial), all the rest - indirect.

Cases express the different roles of a noun in a sentence. There are six cases in Russian. You can determine the case of a noun in a sentence by asking a question.

In addition to the main questions, the case of a noun can also be recognized by the auxiliary questions that are answered by the circumstances.

Video lesson in Russian "How to remember cases. Our everything!"

To task number 4 "Orthoepic norms"

Stress rules for nouns.

1. Words of foreign origin, as a rule, in Russian they retain the place of stress, which they had in the source language. In English, stress is most often on the first syllable, while in French it is on the last.
Therefore, English borrowings sound like this:
GENESIS, MARKETING, MANAGEMENT, PORTER;
and French like this:
engraver, dispensary, blinds, rubber, parterre, music stand, chassis.

2. In words denoting measures of length and ending in -meter, the stress falls on the last syllable:
kilometer, centimeter, millimeter, decimeter.

3. In compound words with the second part -the wire at general meaning"a device for transporting some substance or energy" the emphasis falls on the root -water- :
gasoline pipeline, water pipeline, garbage pipeline, light pipeline.
BUT: electric wire, electric drive.

4. In words ending in -log, the stress falls, as a rule, on the last syllable: dialogue, catalogue, monologue, obituary.

5. In verbal nouns the place of stress is preserved, which is in the original verb from which they are formed:
(faith) to confess - faith
provide - provision.

6. In some nouns, the stress is fixed and remains on the root in all cases:
airport - airports
bow - bows - with bows
accountant - accountants
X - with X - X - X
crane - cranes
lecturer – lecturers – lecturers
cake - with cake - cakes - cakes
scarf - scarf - scarf - scarf.

7. In a noun minion the stress falls on the root. In all words formed from this word, the accent on -BAL- falls:
spoiled, spoiled, spoiled, spoiled, spoiled, spoiled.

Stress rules for adjectives.
1. In some adjectives, the stress is the same as in the original nouns from which they are formed:
plum - plum
KITCHEN - KITCHEN
sorrel - sorrel.

2. The stressed syllable of the full form of some adjectives remains accented and in short form:
beautiful - beautiful - beautiful - beautiful - beautiful
unthinkable - unthinkable - unthinkable - unthinkable - unthinkable.

3. In some frequent adjectives with mobile stress, it falls on the root in full form - in the singular and plural; and also in the short - in the masculine and neuter. In short form female the accent goes to the ending:
right - right - right - right - right
slender - slender - slender - slender - slender.

4. If the stress in the short form of the feminine gender falls on the ending, then in the comparative form it will be on the suffix -E- or- HER-:
sick - sicker, strong - stronger, slim - slimmer.
If the stress in the feminine gender is on the basis, then in comparative degree it is stored there:
beautiful - more beautiful, sad - sadder.

Stress rules for verbs.

1. Emphasis on past tense verbs usually falls on the same syllable as the infinitive:
walk - walked, walked
hide - hid, hid.

2. In another group of verbs, the stress in all forms is motionless, and in the feminine of the past tense it passes to the ending:
take - took, took, took, took
lie - lied, lied, lied, lied.
took A, took, poured in, burst in, perceived, recreated, drove, chased, got, got, got, waited, waited, took, locked, locked, called, was called, lilA, poured, lied, tore, called, poured, narwhaled, began, drenched, hugged, overtook, skinned, departed, gave away, withdrew, responded, poured, called, watered, understood, arrived, tore, took off, created, tore off, removed.

3. For verbs put, steal, sneak, send, send, send accent in the form past tense feminine DOES NOT fall on the ending, but stays on the base:
put, stole, stole, sent, sent, sent.
The exception is verbs with shock prefix YOU-, which always drags the accent:
lila - poured out, stole - stole.

4. In verbs ending in -IT, when conjugated, the stress falls on the endings: -ISH, -IT, -IM, -ITE, -AT/-YAT:
turn on - turn on, turn on, turn on, turn on, turn on
hand over - hand over, hand over, hand over, hand over, hand over
get through - get through, get through, get through, get through, get through
bleed - bleed, bleed, bleed, bleed, bleed.
Verbs are conjugated in the same way:
call, exclude, endow, lean, litter, call, ease, encourage, cheer up, borrow, surround, repeat, call back, call, drill, strengthen, pinch.

5. In the following verbs ending in -IT, the stress does NOT fall on the ending:
vulgarize - vulgarize
become aware - become aware.

6. In verbs, formed from adjectives, the emphasis usually falls on -IT:
fast - speed up, sharp - sharpen, light - lighten, vigorous - encourage, deep - deepen.
BUT: verb embitter, formed from the adjective evil, does not obey this rule.

7. In reflexive verbs the stress in the past tense often changes to an ending or suffix (in masculine past tense verbs):
start - started, started, started, started
to be accepted - to be accepted, to be accepted, to be accepted, to be accepted.

Rules for placing stress in participles.

1.IN real participles past tense with suffix -VSh- the stress, as a rule, falls on the same vowel that is in the word before this suffix:
ignite vsh yy, nali vsh oh, look vsh uy.

2. In passive participles past tense formed from verbs bend, bend, bend the accent falls on the prefix:
bent, bent, bent.

3. In the brief passive past participles of the feminine gender the accent falls on the ending:
busy, locked, populated, acquired, filled, encouraged, removed, created.

4. If the stress in full form falls on the suffix -YONN- , then in short form it is preserved only in masculine, and in other forms it goes to the ending:
enabled - enabled, enabled, enabled, enabled
delivered - delivered, delivered, delivered, delivered
populated - populated, populated, populated, populated.
The participles change in the same way:
endowed, brought down, encouraged, disabled, repeated, shared, tamed.

5. IN full forms participles with suffix -T- formed from verbs with suffixes -ABOUT- And -WELL- in the infinitive, the stress falls one syllable forward:
weeding - polo T th, stab - stab T th, bend - bend T th, wrap - wrap T th.

Rules for placing stress in adverbs.

1. Participles often have an accent on the same syllable as in the infinitive of the verb from which they are formed:
to ask - having asked, to fill in - a bay, to take - to take, to start - to start, to raise - to raise, to undertake - to undertake, to create - to create.

2. In gerunds with a suffix -VSh-, -VSHI- the stress falls on the vowel that precedes these suffixes in the word:
beginning V, otdA V, lift V, profit V, beginning lice s.

Rules for placing stress in adverbs.

1. On the console BEFORE- the stress falls in the following adverbs:
top, bottom, dry.
BUT: white, utterly.
2. On the console BEHIND- the emphasis falls on the words:
ahead of time, dark, dawn.
BUT: envy - enviable.

Doubt where the stress is in the word "tales" or "tales"? Let's remember the orthoepic rule and answer this question.

Correct stress

Accentological norm requires the emphasis on the last syllable - the story.

What is the rule and how to remember

The feminine noun "story" belongs to the third declension. Words of this type in genitive case plurals can have an accent either on the ending or on the root.

The word "story", like the word "news", will have a shock ending. Both words in all singular forms will have stress on the first syllable, and in oblique cases (except accusative) plural - on the ending.

A poem to remember

A lot of good news
On the publication of his stories.

Sentence examples

• I was presented with a collection of military stories.
• Modern Literature not enough good stories.

Wrong emphasis

It is wrong to put emphasis on the root letter "o" - stories.

1. The place of stress may depend on the origin of the word. Thus, most borrowed from French words retain the stress on the last syllable:

vis-a-vis, parterre, blinds, dispensary, travel bag, canape, consommé.

2. Stress can be determined by the final combination of vowels and consonants (final):

• -al (in foreign words): pencil case, final, portal, fiscal, quarter(pay special attention to the pronunciation of this word: the stress on the last syllable is placed regardless of the meaning in which the word is used: live in the sixth quarter;delivery of the house is scheduled for the second quarter);
• -atay (-taystvo; -taystvovat): herald, frequenter, spy, intercessor, petition, solicit(noun intercessor and derivatives of it are very often mispronounced);
• -wire (in compound words): gas pipeline, garbage pipeline, oil pipeline, But: electric wire;
• -lenie (in verbal nouns with a stem in a consonant): crushing, thinking(thinking- obsolete) notice, aggravation;
• -men (in borrowings from in English, where -men literally translates as "man"): policeman, gentleman. Exception: bartender.

Word phenomenon(rare, unusual, exceptional phenomenon) is of Greek origin and does not follow this model. In relation to a person, it can also be pronounced with an accent on the last syllable ( phenomenon), but this pronunciation is still not correct.

• ;

note ).

• (pl. - poor orphans);
• .

• erection And exaltationerection of columns).

note to the pronunciation of a word the Omen).

3. The stress of a derived word can be determined by the generating word, that is, the one from which the noun is formed:

• -ie (stress in a verbal noun usually coincides with stress in a single-root verb): focus → concentration; provide → provision; strengthen → strengthen; know → confess, confess → confession, religion, reproduce → reproduction;

note the fact that this rule does not obey the nouns na -lenie ( think - thinking, notify - notification).

• -otaʹ (nouns formed from adjectives): full → fullness, mute → dumbness, orphan → orphan(pl. - poor orphans);
• -ota (nouns formed from verbs): doze → doze; yawn → yawn; break → ache.

Sometimes the placement of stress can be determined by the meaning and style of the narrative.

So, in literary speech there is a pronunciation erection And exaltation: the first - when using the word in the meaning of " religious holiday» ( ceremonial erection service), the second - in the meaning of "action according to the meaning of the verb to erect" ( erection of columns).

note to the pronunciation of a word the Omen: in any meaning, the stress is placed on the first syllable ( sign of the cross, sign of the times).


4. The stress in words with the same final (combination of final sounds) may depend on the meaning of the word:

• -log (inanimate objects): catalogue, obituary, monologue, dialogue (exception – analogue);
• - log (names of persons by occupation): philologist, zoologist, ichthyologist;
• -meter (units of measurement): kilometer, centimeter, decimeter;
• -meter ( measuring instruments): barometer, galvanometer, chronometer.
  Exceptions: ammeter, voltmeter.
• 5. Sometimes a whole system of factors influences the placement of stress in a word. The greatest fluctuations are observed in nouns with finals -anin (-ane) and -iya.

• So, in words with -anin (-ane), denoting persons by place of residence, the stress is usually placed on the penultimate syllable:

  city ​​dweller, Uglichian, Volga dweller, earthling, Martian, Egyptian, layman.

  In words borrowed from the Old Church Slavonic language (as a rule, these are book words with a more abstract meaning or words of a religious theme), the stress usually falls on the last syllable:

  citizen(cf.: citizen), Christian(cf.: peasant), villager(cf.: villager), Slav, tradesman.

  Words related to history Ancient Greece And ancient rome, with biblical events and plots, usually retain the emphasis of that geographical name from which they are derived:

  Athens → Athenian, Athenians; Rome → Roman; Carthage → Carthaginian; Latin, Latins; Philistine, Philistines.

  Words in -ia currently tend to move the stress towards the end of the word.

  So, a few decades ago, the normative accent was industry, metallurgy, printing. However, now the normative pronunciation is industry, metallurgy, printing. A similar fluctuation is observed in the pronunciation of the noun cooking. It must be remembered that in an official setting this word should be pronounced with an unstressed final - cooking. Options apoplexy And apoplexy equal.

  The placement of stress in words on -iya may depend on number of syllables.

  • Three-syllable words often have the stress on the first syllable:

    aria, mania, mafia.

  But it is also possible exceptions(usually these are words not of Latin, but of Greek origin):

  messiah, vitia, element.

  IN polysyllabic words, there is a tendency to stress in the middle of the word:

  photography, gastronomy, homeopathy, drug addiction, psychopathy, epilepsy.

  • Most polysyllabic words in -iya belong to special vocabulary, to terminology. As already noted in paragraph 1.2.1, not all pronunciation options common in a professional environment are normative.

    When in difficulty, you should pay attention to the finals. So, nouns with such endings usually have stress at the end of a word: -atria, -cardia, -psia, -stenia, -thesia, -therapy, -termia, -urgia, -philia, -chronia:

    psychiatry, tachycardia, biopsy, asthenia, anesthesia, occupational therapy, metallothermy, liturgy, necrophilia, synchrony.

    On the contrary, words with finals -phobia, -logia, -gamia, -nomia, -mania, -gonia, -monia, -tropia, -naria, -graphia, -toria, -metria, -ressia, -patia, -kratia, -tion:

    Russophobia, apology, monogamy, gastronomy, drug addiction, agony, philanthropy, veterinary medicine, oratory, geometry, aggression, homeopathy, plutocracy, cinematography, devaluation, confirmation.

    However, fluctuations are also possible in words with the same finals.

    Wed: extravaganza, fanaberiya, mysteria - hysteria, diphtheria; cacophony, symphony - telephony, stereophony.

    Sometimes such fluctuations also capture single-root words. So, the noun symmetry has two equal pronunciations - symmetry And symmetry but noun asymmetry already has only one literary variant (pronunciation asymmetry Not recommended).

    A similar phenomenon can be observed in the words agreement, sentence, conspiracy. Nouns CONSPIRACY And sentence have one literary variant of pronunciation: CONSPIRACY- with an accent at the beginning of a word; sentence- with an accent at the end of the word. Until recently, the only correct pronunciation was considered contract. Now, a very frequent form in speech is also recognized as acceptable. agreement however, it should not be used.

  6. Certain fluctuations in the placement of stress are also observed in certain forms of nouns.

  So, in indirect cases of the singular masculine nouns of the second declension in a number of words, the stress remains motionless(permanent):

  airport - airport(But: in an Aeroport), Balzac - Balzac, rebellion - rebellion, camel - camel, cart - cart(But: on the cart), voyage - voyage, claw - claw, elbow - elbow, march - march, nail - nail, stem - stem, cake - cake, pheasant - pheasant, minced meat - minced meat, step - step(but in combination with numerals: two steps; with a suggestion in: in step; in combination: at every step), scarf - scarf, silk - silk.

  In other cases, there is movement accents from stem to ending:

  bandage - bandage, pancake - pancake, coat of arms - coat of arms, kissel - kissel, rod - rod, sickle - sickle, carpenter - carpenter.

  In a number of cases in literary language There are several variants of pronunciation:

  goose - goose(admissible - goose); pond - pond(admissible - pond; in the prepositional case - on the pond); bridge- both forms ( bridge And bridge) are equal.

  Similar phenomena are observed in the form of the nominative plural.

  stress moves to the end in words:

  school ball - school balls, bandage - bandages, cart - carts, coat of arms - coats of arms, painter - painters, bridge - bridges, pond - ponds, sickle - sickles, carpenter - carpenters, wardrobe - cabinets.

  stress does not move to the end:

  watermelon - watermelons, passing score - passing scores, thief - thieves, contract - contracts, trump card - trump cards, crane - cranes, cake - cakes, toast - toast, scarf - scarves, syringe - syringes(in the speech of doctors - syringes).

  Two literary variants are fixed in nouns: equal variants - ports And ports, children's choirs And choruses, fonts And fonts, headquarters And headquarters; basic and acceptable, but less desirable options: fleets(admissible - fleets), moves(admissible - moves).

  There are similar phenomena in the declension of nouns of other genders.

  For example, in the plural of neuter nouns, the stress can move to the ending ( troops, deeds, mirrors), or may remain stationary ( rings, porches, spots).

  note

  In the plural forms of nouns good, dish, means in speech, forms with an accent on the ending are very frequent ( goods, dishes, means). Such pronunciation is a gross mistake and indicates a low culture of the speaker! Should be pronounced: all good, for no good in the world, beautiful dishes, second courses, allocated funds.

  Quite a lot of fluctuations can be noted in the formation of the genitive and other plural cases of nouns of all genders.

  Pay special attention on the movement of stress in the following forms: eyebrows - eyebrows, branches - branches, waves - along the waves and along the waves, breasts - breasts, money - money, money, about money, boards - boards(admissible - boards), yeast - yeast, brushes - brushes, trump cards - trump cards, rings - rings(But: rings), curls - curls, swans - swans, news - news, regions - regions, queues - queues, squares - squares, sheets - sheets And sheets, grammatical genders - genders, sleighs - sleighs, tablecloths - tablecloths, speeds - speeds.

  The accent remains fixed in the following forms:

  pain - pain(for doctors - pain), weekdays - weekdays(admissible - weekday), versts - about versts, fibers - fibers, shipyards - shipyards, rakes - rakes and rakes, gusli - gusli, windows - windows, guns - guns, glass - glasses, shoes - shoes, scarves - scarves, manger - yas lei.

  Equal rights are the forms of indirect cases in the plural:

  tambourines - tambourine, tambourine And tambourine, tambourine.

Features of stress in Russian (continuation)

Separate conversation O ra require unstressed words. Service words and particles, as a rule, do not have an accent in Russian. Some of them are monosyllabic prepositions and conjunctions, b ywa yut with pre-stressed words, the so-called proclitics. They are approx yk they are pronounced in pronunciation to the following independent words with stress: on the water, on the road, from the forest, along the ut I.Others are monosyllabic particles, which are ut Xia enclitics, that is, post-stress words. They are adjacent in pronunciation to the previous word, having eat have a hit.: someone came, tell me, I promised, you opened the door, will they come neither .In these combinations, the particles then, ka, after all, the same, whether become enclitics.

Sometimes an excuse takes a hit. on se b I, then the significant word following it turns out to be unstressed. Most often, they pull the blow on themselves. pre d logs FOR, FOR, UNDER, ON, FROM, WITHOUT.
ON - on the water, on the mountain, on the hand, on the ear, n A winter, for a year, for a house, for a floor. But such a transfer of the stressed vowel is not always oi coming off. We are speaking go to the mall(but not on the pier), climb the hill(but not on the hill), decree be on the door(but not on the door), run aground(but not stranded).

Transferring stress to a preposition, according to the norms of orthoepy, is possible en when the combination of a noun with a preposition is part of a stable O company or when it appears in the adverbial meaning and has an adverbial character. In the same case ae , when it is important to highlight the noun as the object to which the action is directed, and when it is a noun But e acts as a supplement, a blow. does not go over to the suggestion. For example:

believe in a word, but: turn inward ima reference to the word "transformation";
to lower the ship into the water, but: because of the sun glare, it hurts to look at the water;
this person is unclean in his hand, but: in his hand b yla bandage applied;
put the load on her shoulders, but: he put his palms on her shoulders;
move the hat on the nose, but: put the juggler l on nose cardboard cylinder;
the old man is deaf in the ear, but: the mother looked at the boy's ear.

We will say take sin upon the soul. It's stable chi vy turn, and blow. fixed in it. But you can't say: so much production falls on shu population.We are speaking fall like snow on a goal ov y. This is also a phraseological unit in which the emphasis is traditionally placed on a preposition. But you can't say: he threw the horse fe tti on the heads of friends.

Often the stress in Russian is shifted si are used on the preposition NA when combined with numerals: nA two, nA three, nA five, nA ten, nA one hundred, nA two, nA three. But if there are two numerals nearby with the value of approximation, such a movement is a blow. Not about comes out: leave for two or three days, for five or six months, for two or three days. pronunciation n A two-three, na three-five - incorrect. The preposition remains unstressed even in that case cha e, when two numerals are connected by the union OR: for two or three days, for five or six months, for two or three days.

Stress is not transferred in Russian yk e on a preposition and when there is a clarification with the first numeral. Compare: leave for two months - leave for d VA months and ten days; business trip for a year - business trip for a year and three months; meet cha scheduled for three hours - the meeting is scheduled for three hours and thirty minutes.

Finally, it should be said that sometimes the content No text suggests the need to save the beat. on a significant word, and not transfer it to pr units log. In a conversation about the work of the famous Russian composer, it was about the suite for two Russian ie themes (not on two). The facilitator highlighted the word two to draw attention to it it orii.

BEHIND - for a leg, for a hand, for a winter, for a soul, for a mountain one , for a night, for a day, for two, for three, for five, for seven, for forty.

But here are the same restrictions:

hide your hands behind your back - hide that to sit behind the back of the mother;
grab by the hands - grab by the hands and n ABOUT gee;
you can get there in two hours - behind two hours and forty minutes.

ON - on the forest, on the field, on the floor, on the su, two by two, three by three, one hundred, two by two, three by three.

Doesn't take a hit. on a preposition when combined eg about with numerals five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten... fourty and complex numbers tel nym eleven, twelve, five hundred, six hundred, etc.: for five hours, for six days, for nine rubles le y, forty kopecks.

The stress is not transferred in the description nn above cases:

two or three plates, five or six be Human;
for two or three days, for two or tr And the day;
for two or three days, for three from to fishing another day;
two centners, but two and three ten you x centner.

UNDER - Under the feet, under the arms, down the mountain, p One nose, in the evening.
FROM - AND from home, from the forest, from sight, from n os u.
WITHOUT - without a trace, without a year de la, to no avail.
FROM- hour From hour, year From year, From ro du.

Some two-syllable prepositions are always are unsuccessful. These are BECAUSE, FROM UNDER and prepositions with a fluent O: POD, NECESSARY, OBO, OTO, FROM - because of LE sa , from under the table, under me, about me, from everyone, from everyone.

Weak words are the words that That rye, although they have an accent in the phrase, but weaker than that of independent words. I call this accent t p casual. Weak words are many adverbial prepositions, such as AFTER, AROUND, PASS, AROUND, OPPOSITE, Across, EYE LO and others. That only a weakened blow falls on these words is clearly felt when compared with fr the basics in which these words, used as adverbs, become carriers of the normal hit.:

mother stood behind the children - the river ost al ass at the back;
the train raced mi mo fields - a car about ex ala past;
he waved after the bus - people what-That shouted after;
we will come after an hour - we will come To you after;
there was a spring near the house - it’s enough to go to district yes Approx.

Collateral stress (or second penn oe) is indicated by the sign "gravis", in contrast to the main blow., indicated by the sign "acute". Side kick. usually has the preposition THROUGH: etc squat oh thicket, through thickets, through fog. Always carries a side blow. etc. e Dlog EXCEPT: everyone gathered except me; take nothing boring with you, except for books; except for birches, there were and l ips.Some g lag ol forms and introductory words IT WAS, IT HAPPENED, SO IT WAS: I would like to take up reading; sid We also ate, being a lo, in the evenings they talked together; Was he about to leave?

However, one should not get involved in side effects. and accents. If the speaker's speech is sustained at a moderate pace, the pronunciation of unstressed words - from the second P with a hard hit., and weakly stressed words - with a normal hit. will create excessive emphasis, to O which only complicates the perception of speech and interferes with the listeners.

Words with side accent attracted to s b e special attention. For the most part, each independent word to them her t just one hit. But there are words with a large number of syllables and complex in composition, which also have och Noah blow. This is mainly:

words formed by compounding two basics: all-metal, cranial, perpetual release;
words with some f xami of foreign origin: A anti-clerical, ultra-reactive, super-blog, remilitarization;
compound words: ze msnarYad , R A IS COUNCIL, o bllit, energy supply, party conference .

If there are two stresses in a word, then the main stress will be t is located closer to the end of the word, and closer to the beginning is a side. Also has a chen ie and the distance of the main blow. from the beginning of the word: horse-hating man, passing time denomination, chl o cleaner .

Commonly used compound words, if they are not licks usually do not have collateral stress: vacuum cleaner, drain, garden, water supply, black lake m, grateful, far-sighted, surveyor, centuries-old . No side kick. are pronounced and so common with lo wah, how earthquake, agricultural and others.

Side stresses often appear in kn words with stylistic coloring: ( cursing your crime, book depository) and in special layers wa x :( electr o newAcuum, galva noacoustics, radio reportAzh, film script, photo correspondent, shaft lift mn ik).

It happens when a compound word is formed by wording the main blow. moves closer to the center of the word and ends up on the wrong syllable That ry falls in a word used independently. So we say:

fighter - but a hammer, sva fuck Oets;
wave - but short-wave, d whether newwave;
FACTORY - BUT ELECTRONIC Ods cue;
FOREST - BUT SMALL sn th;
imported - but long-range Oz ny;
wired - electrically wired;
seller - but book seller;
raftable - but timber-rafting;
creator - but verse T thief;
ear - but about ear;
color - but one-color.

Compound adjectives and compound pores decimal numbers, in the first part of which there are 3, 4, from 11 to 20, as well as 30, 40, 50, 60 ... 100, are often pronounced with two stresses (according to boc noe - in the numeral): one 11 meter, fifteen meter And liter, seven ten kilometers, nine hundred years old, one hundred thousandth.

With two side kicks. on lane V oh part and with the main stress on the second part, compound words are pronounced four hso pipes, electric machines construction, and in volume oh the driver .
Always have a side kick. complex layers wa , written with a hyphen: co ntr-admiral, cabin t-company, cape-tent, i xt-club.

Collateral stress may fall on some at st avki: SUPER-, AFTER-, INTER-. But here, too, the degree of use of the word plays a role. For example them er, with a side kick. words are spoken by post-harvest, post-surgical, post-natal in about th. But it is missing from the words the day after tomorrow, the afternoon, afterword. And in words with prefixes INTER- To SUPER - side impact. always set: international, interbranch, interplanetary; sve R DEEP, SUPER MOBILE SUPER SPEED .

Collateral stress is necessary so that the right silt but to pronounce the corresponding vowels in the word. If you say the word ho zmag without secondary impact., then oh But will sound like this: hazmac. The listener may not guess the meaning of such a lo va. Hence the side kick. performs an important semantic function. In addition, it also plays an important role And list role. The appearance of a secondary blow. where it is not required, evidence tv et about colloquial style, for example: O hostel, seven hundred, nine hundred. In addition to the invalid colloquial env ace ki, such excessive stress makes speech tedious and difficult to sp iyatiya.

Visual and expressive possibilities accents are widely used yatsya in journalistic and works of art. The author gives persons already at bright characteristic showing the originality of his kick. and pronunciation. There are social c ional, professional affiliation of the character and the degree of his education. But, in a stylistically neutral speech, digression n ie from literary norms is unacceptable. Regulatory word stress contributes to the correct perception and action tv the value of the sounding word.